1.      STANDARDISATION/INTERCHANGABILITY

 

The plant and equipment to be procured, manufactured shall conform to national or international standards. It must comply with BIS Codes & Standards or some other reputed standards –Firstly it shall comply with Indian Standards. If the same is not available, the it may comply with any International standards acceptable to client or consultant. Following standards shall be followed as applicable to the plant and equipment.

1.      BIS Codes & Standards

2.      Codes and Standards applicable to particular industry. For example, IPSS (Inter Plant Steel Standards) Codes & Standards is available for many equipment/plant/systems for Steel Industries. The same shall be checked also and incorporated in the specification.

3.      To the extent possible every endeavor shall be made to limit the type of equipment by selecting similar types e.g. Motors, Gear Boxes, Couplings, Bearings, Idlers, Beltings, Pumps, Sections of Steels, Steel Plate Thickness and sizes, Reinforcement bars diameters, doors & windows sizes, type pipes and their diameter, flanges, gaskets etc. This will reduce the cost, inventory as well spares

4.      IRC Codes & Standards (Indian Road Congress) For Roads & Bridges

5.      SP7 National Building code Of India

6.      RDSO Codes & Standards for Railways

7.      ASME Codes-Piping, Pressure Vessels

8.      ANSI Codes & Standards

9.      AISC Codes

10.  ASTM Standards

11.  IEEE Standards

12.  AISE Standards

13.  JIS Standards

14.  API Codes & Standards

15.  Euro Codes

16.  Russian Codes (GOST Standards)

17.  Chinese Codes

18.  ISO Standards

19.  IEC Standards

20.  IS:1870 Comparison  of Indian and Overseas Standards for wrought steels for general engineering purposes

21.  Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards

22.  Fire Fighting Standards (TAC Rules) TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

 

8        Safety Requirements

It is necessary that every engineer/entrepreneur must be well aware of the safety requirements for all the buildings, plant & equipment as specified by State & Central Government bodies/agencies and strictly complied for the Safe & accident free operation. Following standards, acts and codes must be taken into considerations for safety of Plant, Equipment, Storage Vessels and buildings:

1.      National Building Codes.

2.      Indian Standards  

3.      TAC Rules for fire safety

4.      Fire Protection System

5.      Factories Acts & Rules (Pertaining to safety)

6.      All the tall buildings like Chimney, Towers must be specially checked for stability, deflection & strength.

7.      All buildings /plant/equipment shall be provided with following (as applicable)

                                            I.            Ramps

                                         II.            Elevators

                                      III.            Toe Guards & Rails/Handrails

                                      IV.            Platforms

                                        V.            Railings

                                      VI.            Walkways

                                   VII.            Stairs & landings

                                VIII.            Doors/Windows

                                      IX.            Ventilation/Air Conditioning (As per norms)

                                        X.            Corridors

                                      XI.            Fire Protection, Fire Escape & exit (for tunnels two exits)

                                   XII.            Earthing

                                XIII.            Lightening protection/Civil aviation lights (as per norms)

                                XIV.            Under voltage, over voltage/current. Frequency, Load protection

Apart from above every engineer shall have knowledge of safety requirements during construction of plant & buildings.

8.      STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS

 

All plants, Buildings, equipment must comply with the law of the place where the plant is being erected/constructed/installed. Each State may have different provisions pertaining to same requirements. Following are the legal acts/rules applicable and must be known to all of the engineering fraternity as well to the entrepreneurs.

1.      Indian Factories Act.

2.      Indian Factories Rules of the State in which the plant is being built.

3.      The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

4.      The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

5.      The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

6.      The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

7.      The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977

8.      Indian Electricity Act, 1910.

9.      Indian Electricity Rules

10.  The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982

11.  The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

12.  The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975

13.  The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, 1983

14.  The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 & amended in 2003

15.  Indian Boilers Act, 1923.

16.  Indian Explosives Act, 1884.

17.  Indian /State Explosives Rules, 1983.

18.  Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981.

19.  Gas Cylinders Rules, 1981.

20.  Explosive Substances Act, 1908.

21.  Petroleum Act, 1934.

22.  Petroleum Rules, 1937 & 1976.

23.  Calcium Carbide Rules, 1987.

24.  Inflammable Substance Act, 1952.

25.  Radiation Protection Rules, 1971.

26.  Indian Mines Act, 1952.

27.  Mines & Mineral (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957.

28.  Bombay Weights & Measures Act, 1958 & Rules 1958.

29.  Bombay Lifts Act 1939 and rules, 1958.

30.  Civil Aviation acts and rules.

31.  Dock Workers (Safety, Health & Welfare) Act 1986, Rules & Regulations.

32.  Port Act, 1908.

33.  Forest Act, 1927 and Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

34.  Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 1989 including Transport of Hazardous Goods Rules.

35.  Hazardous Wastes Rules, 1989.

36.  The Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of) Service Act, 1996, and Rules.

Laws of Foreign Countries  :

1        Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) 1970, USA.  

2        United States Department of Transport’s Hazardous Material Regulations.

3        Health & Safety at Work Act (HSWA), 1974, UK.

4         Notification of Installation Handling Hazardous Substances Regulations (NIHHS), 1982, UK.

5        The JK Blue Book (Governing the carriage of dangerous goods in ships).

6        The European Agreement concerning International carriage of Dangerous goods by Road (ADR).

7        International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code published by Inter Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMO).

8        Code of Safe Practice for Shipment of Bulk Cargoes (BC Code), 1965.

9        IMO/ILO guidelines for packing cargo in freight containers, or vehicles.

10    World Bank and IFC Guidelines for identifying, analyzing and controlling major hazard installations in developing countries 1985.

11    EEC Directive on Hazardous Installations.

12    UN (Numbers) List of dangerous chemicals.

13    Chinse standards on BF, Sinter Plants, Coke Ovens , Structural Buildings, Fire Safety

NB:- For more details visit CPCB / MoEF websites

Some of the important laws/considerations for Industrial Buildings and installation of equipment therein are given below:

1.      Factories approval

2.      CPCB Guidelines & Rules

3.      CEA Guideline & Rules

4.      Indian electricity rules

5.      Indian Boiler Acts & Boiler Inspector approval for Steam & HP pipelines, pressure vessels and boilers

6.      RDSO Codes  & Standards

7.      Center and State rules for EOT Cranes

8.      Center and State Rules for Elevators & Lifts

9.      Fire safety

10.  Min Road Widths, Overhead Clearances, Curvatures etc. as per IRC

11.  Minimum side & overhead clearances for railways. RDSO

12.  Doors & windows Sizes as per national building codes.

13.  Min height of railings, max angle of stairs, landing height, step width, height, spacing etc.

14.  MCC Rooms, Switch Yards, Overhead HT Lines –Minimum side, front, back  & OH clearances

15.  Rest rooms

16.  Canteens

17.  Creches

18.  Air, Water & Noise pollutions

19.  Walkways

20.  Fire escape exits

21.  Lightening protection for high rise buildings and chimneys

22.  Aviation lights for high rise buildings and chimneys

23.  Min Height of chimneys

      Special requirements for the above shall be checked pertaining to Central and Concerned State rules.

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